Pros: Zero emissions; ideal for urban areas and strict regulations.

Cons: Benefits vary with electricity source.

Pros: No charging infrastructure needed.

Cons: Emits CO2, NOx, and particulate matter; contributes to air and noise pollution.

Pros: Quiet operation; lower maintenance costs

Cons: Limited battery life (4-8 hours); may struggle with heavy-duty tasks.

Pros: Longer operational time; suited for heavy-duty cleaning.

Cons: Noisier; higher maintenance costs.

Pros: Lower operating costs; fewer maintenance needs.

Cons: Higher upfront cost due to battery tech.

Pros: Lower initial cost.

Cons: Higher fuel and maintenance costs over time.

Best For: Urban areas, indoor facilities, noise-sensitive zones.

Limitations: Not ideal for heavy-duty cleaning.

Best For: Large outdoor areas, highways, construction sites.

Limitations: Not suitable for indoor use.

Aligns with electrification trends; likely to benefit from technology advancements.

May face restrictions due to emission regulations; less future-proof.